Tritium half life
Such organic compounds are distributed according to their specific chemical properties, which may explain the possible heterogeneous distribution of tritium among tissues. Organically Bound Tritium (OBT): this form, in which tritium is bound to organic matter, results from tritium being incorporated in various organic compounds during the synthesis process of living matter. As a result of the oxidation process, tritiated hydrogen is transformed into tritiated water and re-enters the water cycle. Gaseous tritium (HT): this chemical form, which concerns but a small fraction of tritium released into the air, could become more significant due to the development of nuclear fusion for the production energy. This leads to low-level tritium enrichment in the condensed phase compared with light hydrogen. In molecules in which hydrogen is replaced by tritium, the difference in atomic mass can be seen in natural transition processes such as evaporation, condensation or solidification. The speed with which it exchanges with the hydrogen in water promotes the homogenisation of HTO concentrations in living organisms. When tritium is not introduced into the environment in this form, then HTO most usually is the result of HT oxidation resulting from light or bacteria action. Tritiated water (HTO): also known as "super heavy water" (11% heavier than H 2O), this is the most abundant form of tritium in the natural environment and in living organisms. Whether of natural or man-made origin, tritium is extremely mobile in the environment and in all biological systems. Its chemical properties are identical to those of hydrogen. Tritium is the radioactive isotope of hydrogen identified by the symbol 3H or T. It results then mainly from uptake processes.
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The environmental toxicity of 3H is related only to radioactive emissions of the pure, low-energy beta type. Considering the variety of organic molecules that can be associated with tritium, it is impossible to make an inventory of the behaviour of these molecules in the environment. The behaviour of tritium will then be that of decay products (mainly HTO). If tritium is introduced into the environment in the form of tritiated organic molecules, the fate of tritium will be that of the organic molecule under consideration until it is degraded by biological or physicochemical processes. Models specific to tritium are simple and based on continuous discharge conditions, constant concentrations in the air and soil at any depth and anticipation of equilibrium. In assessing the impact of repeated discharges, radioecologists assume that tritium follows the water cycle. In equilibrium, it does not appear to accumulate preferentially in a particular environmental or biological component. In the form of tritiated water, HTO, this radionuclide is extremely mobile in the environment and all biological systems, and thus quickly integrated into numerous cycles of the geo- and biosphere. It may be found in all hydrogenated molecules and associated both with water in tissue as with the organic material of plants and animals. The study of the subjects is fit for two-compartment model and also an average BHL of tritium is found similar to earlier studies.As an isotope of hydrogen, tritium is intimately tied to the cycle of this element in the environment. BHL of tritium shows lognormal distribution with a geometric mean of 9.11 d and geometric standard deviation of 1.77 d. The distribution of cumulative probability vs.
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The BHL of tritium for all age group of workers is observed independent of age and is shorter during April to May. Also three subjects showed the BHL of 101.73-121.09 d, which reveals that organically bound tritium is present with low tritium uptake also.
TRITIUM HALF LIFE FOR FREE
The seasonal variations of the BHL of tritium are 3.09 ± 1.48, 6.87 ± 0.58 and 5.73 ± 0.76 d (mean ± SD) for summer, winter and rainy seasons, respectively, for free water tritium in the coastal region of Karnataka, India, which shows that the BHL in summer is twice that of the winter season.
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Human data indicate that the biological retention time ranges from 4 to 18 d with an average of 10 d. The BHL of tritium of subjects ranges from 1 to 16 d with an average of 8.19 d. Two hundred and two subjects were taken for study with minimum 3 μCiL(-1) tritium uptake in their body fluid. During 2007-2009 year, 72,100 urine bioassay samples of the workers were analysed by liquid scintillation counting technique for internal dose monitoring for tritium. The present study estimates biological half-life (BHL) of tritium by analysing routine bioassay samples of radiation workers.